<head id="NEST_Norno.h1">Nordlys fra oldtid til opplysningstid</head> <head id="NEST_Nor_004en.h1">The northern lights from the antiquity into the Age of Enlightenment</head>

<s id="NEST_Norno.s1">De eldste nordlysbeskrivelser</s> <s id="NEST_Nor_004en.s1">The oldest descriptions of the northern lights</s>

<s id="NEST_Norno.s2">De eldste norske skriftlige kilder går tilbake til ca. år 1000.</s> <s id="NEST_Nor_004en.s2">The oldest Norwegian sources in writing go back to the year of 1000.</s>

<s id="NEST_Norno.s3">For å komme enda lenger tilbake i historien kan vi gå til middelhavslandene og Kina.</s> <s id="NEST_Nor_004en.s3">To reach further back in the history, we can look more upon the Mediterranean countries and China.</s>

<s id="NEST_Norno.s4">Fordi nordlyset hovedsakelig opptrer over polområdene, har oldtidens filosofer ved middelhavslandene og i Kina i beste fall sett noen få nordlysutbrudd.</s> <s id="NEST_Nor_004en.s4">Old-time philosophers from the Mediterranean countries and China have seen some outbreaks from the northern lights; this is mainly because the northern lights make an appearance over the polar areas.</s>

<s id="NEST_Norno.s5">Det er ikke mulig å tidfeste nøyaktig når det første nordlyset ble sett.</s> <s id="NEST_Nor_004en.s5">It is not possible to date the exact time when the northern lights were seen for the first time.</s>

<s id="NEST_Norno.s6">Noen mener, kanskje med god grunn, at en del av de eldgamle graveringer som er funnet i flere grotter langs Middelhavet, illustrerer nordlys.</s> <s id="NEST_Nor_004en.s6">Some says, perhaps with a good reason, that most parts of the ancient engravings which are found in several caves along the Mediterranean, illustrates the northern lights.</s>

<s id="NEST_Norno.s7">Tidlige beskrivelser av nordlys finnes sannsynligvis i Det gamle testamentet.</s> <s id="NEST_Nor_004en.s7">Earlier descriptions of the northern lights can probably be found in the Old Testament.</s>

<s id="NEST_Norno.s8">Vi tar med et kort utdrag fra første kapittel hos Esekiel (ca. 593 f.Kr.):</s> <s id="NEST_Nor_004en.s8">We will use a short extract from the first chapter in Ezekiel (about 593 B.C.):</s>

<s id="NEST_Norno.s9">I et syn fikk jeg se et stormvær som kom fra nord, en stor sky med flammende ild.</s> <s id="NEST_Norno.s10">Det strålte og skinte omkring den, og midt inne i ilden blinket noe som skinnende metall.</s> <s id="NEST_Nor_004en.s9">And I looked, and, behold, a whirlwind came out of the north, a great cloud, and a fire infolding itself, and brightness was about it, and out of the midst thereof as the color of amber, out of the midst of fire.</s>

<s id="NEST_Norno.s11">Midt i den viste det seg likesom fire levende skikkelser ...</s> <s id="NEST_Nor_004en.s10">Also out of the midst thereof came the likeness of four living creatures.</s>

<s id="NEST_Norno.s12">Men hver av dem hadde fire ansikter og fire vinger.</s> <s id="NEST_Nor_004en.s11">And this was their appearance; they had the likeness of a man.</s> <s id="NEST_Nor_004en.s12">And everyone had four faces, and everyone had four wings.</s>

<s id="NEST_Norno.s13">Deres ben var rette, fotbladene var som kalveklover, og de skinte som blankt kobber ...</s> <s id="NEST_Norno.s14">Over hodene på skikkelsene var det noe som lignet en hvelving.</s> <s id="NEST_Nor_004en.s13">And their feet were straight feet: and the sole of their feet was like the sole of a calf’s foot; and they sparkled like the color of burnished brass.</s>

<s id="NEST_Norno.s15">Det så ut som blendede krystall ...</s> <s id="NEST_Norno.s16">Jeg så noe som lignet skinnende metall, det var som ild med en ring av lys omkring ...</s> <s id="NEST_Nor_004en.s14">And the likeness of the firmament upon the heads of the living creature was the color of the terrible crystal, stretched forth over their heads above.</s>

<s id="NEST_Norno.s17">Og glansen omkring så ut som buen i skyen en dag det regnet.</s> <s id="NEST_Nor_004en.s15">And I saw the color of amber, as the appearance of fire round about within it, from the appearance of his loins even upward, and from the appearance of his loins even downward, I saw as it were the appearance of fire, and it had brightness around it.</s>

<s id="NEST_Norno.s18">Ingen dårlig beskrivelse av et nordlysutbrudd.</s> <s id="NEST_Nor_004en.s16">This is not a bad description of an eruption of the northern lights.</s>

<s id="NEST_Norno.s19">Det finnes flere, for eksempel Jeremia (1:13) og Sakaria (1:8), som kan ha omtalt nordlys, men ingen er så overbevisende som Esekiel.</s> <s id="NEST_Nor_004en.s17">There are more, like in Jeremiah (1:13) and in Sakaria (1:8), which both might have discussed the northern lights, but none of them are as convincing as Ezekiel.</s>

<s id="NEST_Norno.s20">I Kina finnes det et relativt stort, gammelt materiale om nordlys.</s> <s id="NEST_Nor_004en.s18">In China there is a comparatively large, old material on the northern lights.</s>

<s id="NEST_Norno.s21">I tidsrommet mellom år 100 og 1000 er et par hundre nordlys omtalt med mange fantastiske illustrasjoner.</s> <s id="NEST_Nor_004en.s19">In the period between the year 100 and 1000 a couple of hundred northern lights were mentioned with many fantastic images.</s>

<s id="NEST_Norno.s22">Den første beskrivelsen går trolig tilbake til år 208 f.Kr.</s> <s id="NEST_Norno.s23">Et kort avsnitt fra en kinesisk beskrivelse av nordlyset sett for ca. 2000 år siden, lyder omtrent slik:</s> <s id="NEST_Nor_004en.s20">The first description is likely to go back to the year of 208 B.C. A short paragraph from a Chinese description of the northern lights, seen approximately around 2000 years ago, sounds nearly like this:</s>

<s id="NEST_Norno.s24">Om natten ble det sett lysende skyer, gule og hvite, med lange stråler som lyste opp bakken.</s> <s id="NEST_Nor_004en.s21">In the night there were seen lighting clouds, yellow and white, with long beams which lightened the ground.</s>

<s id="NEST_Norno.s25">Noen sier at det er himmelens sverd, mens andre tror det er dype hull, med store flammer, i himmelen.</s> <s id="NEST_Nor_004en.s22">Some says it is the sword of the sky, while others believe that there are deep holes, with big flames, in the sky.</s>

<s id="NEST_Norno.s26">Hva oldtidens filosofer mente om nordlyset</s> <s id="NEST_Nor_004en.s23">What the philosophers from the old-time thought about the northern lights</s>

<s id="NEST_Norno.s27">For at vi skal få et inntrykk av nordboernes kunnskap om nordlyset i forhold til oppfatninger i de mer «skolerte» kulturer i Syd-Europa, gir vi først et kort resymé over forskjellige teorier lansert før vikingtiden.</s> <s id="NEST_Nor_004en.s24">First, we will give a brief summary on the different theories which were introduced before the Viking Period.</s> <s id="NEST_Nor_004en.s25">This will help us to get an impression of how much the persons living in the north know about the northern lights according to the understanding in the different cultures in East-Europe, which are more “schooled”.</s>

<s id="NEST_Norno.s28">En av de første som forsøkte å forklare himmellysningen var Anaximedes (ca. 570-526 f.Kr.).</s> <s id="NEST_Nor_004en.s26">Anaximenes (about 570-526 B.C.) was one of the first who tried to explain the lightning above us.</s>

<s id="NEST_Norno.s29">Han mente at flyktig materie ble oppsamlet i skyene, og når den blandet seg langsomt med luftas damper, skulle det forårsake en lysning.</s> <s id="NEST_Nor_004en.s27">He meant that a volatile substance was gathered inside the clouds, and when it blended slowly with air steam, it would then cause a lightning.</s>

<s id="NEST_Norno.s30">Anaxagoras (500-428 f.Kr.) som ble anklaget for gudløshet da han påsto at sola var en glødende masse, foreslo at det rant en ilddamp fra den øverste himmelen ned i skyene.</s> <s id="NEST_Nor_004en.s28">Anaxagoras (500-428 B.C.) who was accused for not believing in God when he claimed that the sun was a gleaming mass suggested that a fire steam run down from the sky high above and towards the clouds.</s>

<s id="NEST_Norno.s31">Her samlet den seg, og når ilden slo opp, ble det mange slags lysninger, mens det lynte om ilden slo ned.</s> <s id="NEST_Nor_004en.s29">Here, it would then gather, and if the fire broke out there would be many different kinds of lightings, and if the fire stroke there would be lightning.</s>

<s id="NEST_Norno.s32">Det er vel rimelig å anta at noen av disse lysningene har vært nordlys.</s> <s id="NEST_Nor_004en.s30">It is reasonable to think that some of these lightings could have been the northern lights.</s>

<s id="NEST_Norno.s33">I den vesteuropeiske kultur er det Aristoteles (384-322 f.Kr.) som vanligvis tillegges æren for først å ha omtalt nordlyset i vitenskapelig sammenheng.</s> <s id="NEST_Nor_004en.s31">In cultures within the western parts of Europe it is Aristotle (384-322 B.C.) who is usually given the honor for being the first one to have mentioned the northern lights in scientific relations.</s>

<s id="NEST_Norno.s34">I et skrift tilegnet keiser Aleksander den store omtaler han forskjellige lysfenomener i lufta.</s> <s id="NEST_Nor_004en.s32">In a sacred writing, dedicated to the emperor Alexander the great, he has mentioned different kinds of phenomena lights in the air.</s>

<s id="NEST_Norno.s35">Noen av lysningene, hevder han, skytes ut med stor fart, mens andre blir stående stille på ett sted, enkelte blaffer opp og dør ut med det samme, mens andre varer lenge.</s> <s id="NEST_Nor_004en.s33">He claims that some of the lightings ejects with a fast speed, while others stand still at one specific place, some flares up and becomes extinct, while others lasts for a long time.</s>

<s id="NEST_Norno.s36">Lysningene kan vise seg i utallige figurer, som fakler, små bjelker, runde kar eller tønner, og noen ser ut som veldige sluk, sprekker eller åpninger (chasmata).</s> <s id="NEST_Nor_004en.s34">The lightings can be seen in various shapes, like flaming torches, small beams, circular tubes, and some really looks like enormous drains, gaps and openings (chasmata).</s>

<s id="NEST_Norno.s37">Et mer betydelig skrift av Aristoteles er Meteorologia, en lærebok om de naturlige fenomenene, meteora, som skjer i lufta.</s> <s id="NEST_Nor_004en.s35">Aristotle’s’ Meteorologia is a distinguished work; it is a textbook about the natural phenomena, meteora, which takes place in the air.</s>

<s id="NEST_Norno.s38">Blant dem er skyer, regnbuen, ringer rundt sol og måne, lyn og torden, orkaner og alle slags lysninger.</s> <s id="NEST_Nor_004en.s36">Clouds, rainbows, circles around the sun and the moon, lightning and thunder, hurricanes and all types of lightings are among them.</s>

<s id="NEST_Norno.s39">Han beskriver en slags lysning som strekker seg vidt ut i lufta og minner om skinnet fra flammene i brennende gress.</s> <s id="NEST_Nor_004en.s37">He describes a kind of lighting which stretches wide out in the air and reminds us of the sparkles which comes from the flames caused burning grass.</s>

<s id="NEST_Norno.s40">Dersom dette lysfenomenet strekker seg ut i bredden samtidig som det sender fra seg gnister eller lysende stråler, kalles det geiter.</s> <s id="NEST_Nor_004en.s38">If this lighting phenomenon stretches wide out at the same time as it send out sparks or lighting beams, it will be called goats.</s>

<s id="NEST_Norno.s41">Er det uten slike stråler, kalles det brann.</s> <s id="NEST_Nor_004en.s39">If there are no beams, it is called fire.</s>

<s id="NEST_Norno.s42">I moderne litteratur hvor det henvises til Aristoteles’ arbeider om nordlys, finner vi vanligvis bare betegnelsen chasmata.</s> <s id="NEST_Nor_004en.s40">In modern literature, where it refers to Aristotle’s pieces of work on northern lights, the word chasmata is usually the only term we can find.</s>

<s id="NEST_Norno.s43">Det er noe overfladisk, fordi Aristoteles hadde et helt register av navn og betegnelser alt etter som hvordan nordlysene åpenbarte seg.</s> <s id="NEST_Nor_004en.s41">It is somewhat shallow, because Aristotle had a whole index of names and terms, all listed accordingly to when the northern lights revealed themselves.</s>

<s id="NEST_Norno.s44">Det mest bemerkelsesverdige uttrykket er «hoppende geiter» eller «flygende geiter».</s> <s id="NEST_Nor_004en.s42">The most remarkable expression is “hoppende geiter” or “flygende geiter”, meaning jumping or flying goats.</s>

<head id="NEST_Norno.h1">Nordlys fra oldtid til opplysningstid</head>	<head id="NEST_Nor_004en.h1">The northern lights from the antiquity into the Age of Enlightenment</head>
<s id="NEST_Norno.s1">De eldste nordlysbeskrivelser</s>	<s id="NEST_Nor_004en.s1">The oldest descriptions of the northern lights</s>
<s id="NEST_Norno.s2">De eldste norske skriftlige kilder går tilbake til ca. år 1000.</s>	<s id="NEST_Nor_004en.s2">The oldest Norwegian sources in writing go back to the year of 1000.</s>
<s id="NEST_Norno.s3">For å komme enda lenger tilbake i historien kan vi gå til middelhavslandene og Kina.</s>	<s id="NEST_Nor_004en.s3">To reach further back in the history, we can look more upon the Mediterranean countries and China.</s>
<s id="NEST_Norno.s4">Fordi nordlyset hovedsakelig opptrer over polområdene, har oldtidens filosofer ved middelhavslandene og i Kina i beste fall sett noen få nordlysutbrudd.</s>	<s id="NEST_Nor_004en.s4">Old-time philosophers from the Mediterranean countries and China have seen some outbreaks from the northern lights; this is mainly because the northern lights make an appearance over the polar areas.</s>
<s id="NEST_Norno.s5">Det er ikke mulig å tidfeste nøyaktig når det første nordlyset ble sett.</s>	<s id="NEST_Nor_004en.s5">It is not possible to date the exact time when the northern lights were seen for the first time.</s>
<s id="NEST_Norno.s6">Noen mener, kanskje med god grunn, at en del av de eldgamle graveringer som er funnet i flere grotter langs Middelhavet, illustrerer nordlys.</s>	<s id="NEST_Nor_004en.s6">Some says, perhaps with a good reason, that most parts of the ancient engravings which are found in several caves along the Mediterranean, illustrates the northern lights.</s>
<s id="NEST_Norno.s7">Tidlige beskrivelser av nordlys finnes sannsynligvis i Det gamle testamentet.</s>	<s id="NEST_Nor_004en.s7">Earlier descriptions of the northern lights can probably be found in the Old Testament.</s>
<s id="NEST_Norno.s8">Vi tar med et kort utdrag fra første kapittel hos Esekiel (ca. 593 f.Kr.):</s>	<s id="NEST_Nor_004en.s8">We will use a short extract from the first chapter in Ezekiel (about 593 B.C.):</s>
<s id="NEST_Norno.s9">I et syn fikk jeg se et stormvær som kom fra nord, en stor sky med flammende ild.</s> <s id="NEST_Norno.s10">Det strålte og skinte omkring den, og midt inne i ilden blinket noe som skinnende metall.</s>	<s id="NEST_Nor_004en.s9">And I looked, and, behold, a whirlwind came out of the north, a great cloud, and a fire infolding itself, and brightness was about it, and out of the midst thereof as the color of amber, out of the midst of fire.</s>
<s id="NEST_Norno.s11">Midt i den viste det seg likesom fire levende skikkelser ...</s>	<s id="NEST_Nor_004en.s10">Also out of the midst thereof came the likeness of four living creatures.</s>
<s id="NEST_Norno.s12">Men hver av dem hadde fire ansikter og fire vinger.</s>	<s id="NEST_Nor_004en.s11">And this was their appearance; they had the likeness of a man.</s> <s id="NEST_Nor_004en.s12">And everyone had four faces, and everyone had four wings.</s>
<s id="NEST_Norno.s13">Deres ben var rette, fotbladene var som kalveklover, og de skinte som blankt kobber ...</s> <s id="NEST_Norno.s14">Over hodene på skikkelsene var det noe som lignet en hvelving.</s>	<s id="NEST_Nor_004en.s13">And their feet were straight feet: and the sole of their feet was like the sole of a calf’s foot; and they sparkled like the color of burnished brass.</s>
<s id="NEST_Norno.s15">Det så ut som blendede krystall ...</s> <s id="NEST_Norno.s16">Jeg så noe som lignet skinnende metall, det var som ild med en ring av lys omkring ...</s>	<s id="NEST_Nor_004en.s14">And the likeness of the firmament upon the heads of the living creature was the color of the terrible crystal, stretched forth over their heads above.</s>
<s id="NEST_Norno.s17">Og glansen omkring så ut som buen i skyen en dag det regnet.</s>	<s id="NEST_Nor_004en.s15">And I saw the color of amber, as the appearance of fire round about within it, from the appearance of his loins even upward, and from the appearance of his loins even downward, I saw as it were the appearance of fire, and it had brightness around it.</s>
<s id="NEST_Norno.s18">Ingen dårlig beskrivelse av et nordlysutbrudd.</s>	<s id="NEST_Nor_004en.s16">This is not a bad description of an eruption of the northern lights.</s>
<s id="NEST_Norno.s19">Det finnes flere, for eksempel Jeremia (1:13) og Sakaria (1:8), som kan ha omtalt nordlys, men ingen er så overbevisende som Esekiel.</s>	<s id="NEST_Nor_004en.s17">There are more, like in Jeremiah (1:13) and in Sakaria (1:8), which both might have discussed the northern lights, but none of them are as convincing as Ezekiel.</s>
<s id="NEST_Norno.s20">I Kina finnes det et relativt stort, gammelt materiale om nordlys.</s>	<s id="NEST_Nor_004en.s18">In China there is a comparatively large, old material on the northern lights.</s>
<s id="NEST_Norno.s21">I tidsrommet mellom år 100 og 1000 er et par hundre nordlys omtalt med mange fantastiske illustrasjoner.</s>	<s id="NEST_Nor_004en.s19">In the period between the year 100 and 1000 a couple of hundred northern lights were mentioned with many fantastic images.</s>
<s id="NEST_Norno.s22">Den første beskrivelsen går trolig tilbake til år 208 f.Kr.</s> <s id="NEST_Norno.s23">Et kort avsnitt fra en kinesisk beskrivelse av nordlyset sett for ca. 2000 år siden, lyder omtrent slik:</s>	<s id="NEST_Nor_004en.s20">The first description is likely to go back to the year of 208 B.C. A short paragraph from a Chinese description of the northern lights, seen approximately around 2000 years ago, sounds nearly like this:</s>
<s id="NEST_Norno.s24">Om natten ble det sett lysende skyer, gule og hvite, med lange stråler som lyste opp bakken.</s>	<s id="NEST_Nor_004en.s21">In the night there were seen lighting clouds, yellow and white, with long beams which lightened the ground.</s>
<s id="NEST_Norno.s25">Noen sier at det er himmelens sverd, mens andre tror det er dype hull, med store flammer, i himmelen.</s>	<s id="NEST_Nor_004en.s22">Some says it is the sword of the sky, while others believe that there are deep holes, with big flames, in the sky.</s>
<s id="NEST_Norno.s26">Hva oldtidens filosofer mente om nordlyset</s>	<s id="NEST_Nor_004en.s23">What the philosophers from the old-time thought about the northern lights</s>
<s id="NEST_Norno.s27">For at vi skal få et inntrykk av nordboernes kunnskap om nordlyset i forhold til oppfatninger i de mer «skolerte» kulturer i Syd-Europa, gir vi først et kort resymé over forskjellige teorier lansert før vikingtiden.</s>	<s id="NEST_Nor_004en.s24">First, we will give a brief summary on the different theories which were introduced before the Viking Period.</s> <s id="NEST_Nor_004en.s25">This will help us to get an impression of how much the persons living in the north know about the northern lights according to the understanding in the different cultures in East-Europe, which are more “schooled”.</s>
<s id="NEST_Norno.s28">En av de første som forsøkte å forklare himmellysningen var Anaximedes (ca. 570-526 f.Kr.).</s>	<s id="NEST_Nor_004en.s26">Anaximenes (about 570-526 B.C.) was one of the first who tried to explain the lightning above us.</s>
<s id="NEST_Norno.s29">Han mente at flyktig materie ble oppsamlet i skyene, og når den blandet seg langsomt med luftas damper, skulle det forårsake en lysning.</s>	<s id="NEST_Nor_004en.s27">He meant that a volatile substance was gathered inside the clouds, and when it blended slowly with air steam, it would then cause a lightning.</s>
<s id="NEST_Norno.s30">Anaxagoras (500-428 f.Kr.) som ble anklaget for gudløshet da han påsto at sola var en glødende masse, foreslo at det rant en ilddamp fra den øverste himmelen ned i skyene.</s>	<s id="NEST_Nor_004en.s28">Anaxagoras (500-428 B.C.) who was accused for not believing in God when he claimed that the sun was a gleaming mass suggested that a fire steam run down from the sky high above and towards the clouds.</s>
<s id="NEST_Norno.s31">Her samlet den seg, og når ilden slo opp, ble det mange slags lysninger, mens det lynte om ilden slo ned.</s>	<s id="NEST_Nor_004en.s29">Here, it would then gather, and if the fire broke out there would be many different kinds of lightings, and if the fire stroke there would be lightning.</s>
<s id="NEST_Norno.s32">Det er vel rimelig å anta at noen av disse lysningene har vært nordlys.</s>	<s id="NEST_Nor_004en.s30">It is reasonable to think that some of these lightings could have been the northern lights.</s>
<s id="NEST_Norno.s33">I den vesteuropeiske kultur er det Aristoteles (384-322 f.Kr.) som vanligvis tillegges æren for først å ha omtalt nordlyset i vitenskapelig sammenheng.</s>	<s id="NEST_Nor_004en.s31">In cultures within the western parts of Europe it is Aristotle (384-322 B.C.) who is usually given the honor for being the first one to have mentioned the northern lights in scientific relations.</s>
<s id="NEST_Norno.s34">I et skrift tilegnet keiser Aleksander den store omtaler han forskjellige lysfenomener i lufta.</s>	<s id="NEST_Nor_004en.s32">In a sacred writing, dedicated to the emperor Alexander the great, he has mentioned different kinds of phenomena lights in the air.</s>
<s id="NEST_Norno.s35">Noen av lysningene, hevder han, skytes ut med stor fart, mens andre blir stående stille på ett sted, enkelte blaffer opp og dør ut med det samme, mens andre varer lenge.</s>	<s id="NEST_Nor_004en.s33">He claims that some of the lightings ejects with a fast speed, while others stand still at one specific place, some flares up and becomes extinct, while others lasts for a long time.</s>
<s id="NEST_Norno.s36">Lysningene kan vise seg i utallige figurer, som fakler, små bjelker, runde kar eller tønner, og noen ser ut som veldige sluk, sprekker eller åpninger (chasmata).</s>	<s id="NEST_Nor_004en.s34">The lightings can be seen in various shapes, like flaming torches, small beams, circular tubes, and some really looks like enormous drains, gaps and openings (chasmata).</s>
<s id="NEST_Norno.s37">Et mer betydelig skrift av Aristoteles er Meteorologia, en lærebok om de naturlige fenomenene, meteora, som skjer i lufta.</s>	<s id="NEST_Nor_004en.s35">Aristotle’s’ Meteorologia is a distinguished work; it is a textbook about the natural phenomena, meteora, which takes place in the air.</s>
<s id="NEST_Norno.s38">Blant dem er skyer, regnbuen, ringer rundt sol og måne, lyn og torden, orkaner og alle slags lysninger.</s>	<s id="NEST_Nor_004en.s36">Clouds, rainbows, circles around the sun and the moon, lightning and thunder, hurricanes and all types of lightings are among them.</s>
<s id="NEST_Norno.s39">Han beskriver en slags lysning som strekker seg vidt ut i lufta og minner om skinnet fra flammene i brennende gress.</s>	<s id="NEST_Nor_004en.s37">He describes a kind of lighting which stretches wide out in the air and reminds us of the sparkles which comes from the flames caused burning grass.</s>
<s id="NEST_Norno.s40">Dersom dette lysfenomenet strekker seg ut i bredden samtidig som det sender fra seg gnister eller lysende stråler, kalles det geiter.</s>	<s id="NEST_Nor_004en.s38">If this lighting phenomenon stretches wide out at the same time as it send out sparks or lighting beams, it will be called goats.</s>
<s id="NEST_Norno.s41">Er det uten slike stråler, kalles det brann.</s>	<s id="NEST_Nor_004en.s39">If there are no beams, it is called fire.</s>
<s id="NEST_Norno.s42">I moderne litteratur hvor det henvises til Aristoteles’ arbeider om nordlys, finner vi vanligvis bare betegnelsen chasmata.</s>	<s id="NEST_Nor_004en.s40">In modern literature, where it refers to Aristotle’s pieces of work on northern lights, the word chasmata is usually the only term we can find.</s>
<s id="NEST_Norno.s43">Det er noe overfladisk, fordi Aristoteles hadde et helt register av navn og betegnelser alt etter som hvordan nordlysene åpenbarte seg.</s>	<s id="NEST_Nor_004en.s41">It is somewhat shallow, because Aristotle had a whole index of names and terms, all listed accordingly to when the northern lights revealed themselves.</s>
<s id="NEST_Norno.s44">Det mest bemerkelsesverdige uttrykket er «hoppende geiter» eller «flygende geiter».</s>	<s id="NEST_Nor_004en.s42">The most remarkable expression is “hoppende geiter” or “flygende geiter”, meaning jumping or flying goats.</s>